In medicine and medical anthropology, a culture-bound syndrome, culture-specific syndrome, or folk illness is a combination of psychiatric (brain) and somatic (body) symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.
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Is bulimia nervosa a culture-bound syndrome?
Some researchers have argued that eating disorder diagnoses such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are culture-bound syndromes motivated by Western ideals of thinness, while others have emphasized the substantial biological and genetic components to eating disorders.
What are some examples of culture-bound syndromes?
Culture-bound syndromes include, among others, amok, amurakh, bangungut, hsieh-ping, imu, jumping Frenchmen of Maine syndrome, koro, latah, mal de pelea, myriachit, piblokto, susto, voodoo death, and windigo psychosis. Also called culture-specific syndrome.
Is anorexia considered a culture-bound syndrome?
Anorexia nervosa is presently considered a Western culture-bound syndrome. A cultural focus on dieting and ideals of thinness for women are assumed to be implicated in the disorder.
Is obesity a culture-bound syndrome?
One can in fact retain use of the biological data while analyzing biomedicine, which is understood to include cultural components. Mild-to-moderate obesity in the U.S. today fits the proposed definition of a culture-bound syndrome.
Is schizophrenia a culture-bound syndrome?
A parallel view is that certain disorders such as anorexia nervosa or even paranoid schizophrenia could be recognized as themselves culture-bound syndromes of the westernised or developed world.
Is depression a culture-bound syndrome?
Psychiatry must recognize the cultural causes of depression and make cultural expertise an essential element of its therapeutic arsenal. Depression is a culture-bound syndrome. It is also a terrible real disease.
Is PTSD a culture-bound syndrome?
When put into context PTSD becomes a culture and history bound syndrome. It emerges in a war weary Europe dealing with the horrors of mechanised warfare a century ago. While European nations had waged war in the past, this four year long conflict was more brutal than ever seen before.
What are the symptoms of culture-bound syndrome?
Ataque de nervios, seen in Latin American and Latin Mediterranean cultures, is associated with a sense of being out of control, uncontrollable shouting, trembling, crying, heat in the chest rising to the head, and fainting or seizure-like episodes, and somewhat resembles panic disorder.
What is orthorexia?
Orthorexia is an unhealthy focus on eating in a healthy way. Eating nutritious food is good, but if you have orthorexia, you obsess about it to a degree that can damage your overall well-being.
Do social and cultural factors cause eating disorders?
Certain family attitudes or dynamics may contribute to the risk of a child or teen developing an eating disorder. The risk for eating disorders may be higher in families that: Focus on high achievement.
What role does culture play in the development of eating disorders?
Culture has been identified as one of the etiological factors leading to the development of eating disorders. Rates of these disorders appear to vary among different cultures and to change across time as cultures evolve.
Is hikikomori a culture-bound syndrome?
Cases of hikikomori are often, but not always, classifiable as a variety of existing DSM-IV-TR (or ICD-10) psychiatric disorders. Hikikomori may be considered a culture-bound syndrome.
Are culture-bound syndromes in DSM 5?
The DSM-51 discarded the concept of culture-bound syndromes with a preference for the term ‘cultural concepts of distress. ‘ This has been defined as ‘ways cultural groups experience, understand, and communicate suffering, behavioral problems, or troubling thoughts and emotions.
Is social anxiety culturally bound?
The defining feature of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is the fear of negative evaluation by others. Therefore, SAD is directly linked to social standards and role expectations, which are culture dependent.
What is Western culture-bound syndrome?
In medicine and medical anthropology, a culture-bound syndrome, culture-specific syndrome, or folk illness is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.
Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome associated with Malaysia?
Malaysia is quite well-known for two Culture-Bound Syndromes (CBS), namely amok and latah. The term Culture-Bound Syndrome is a term that is derived from the earlier term ‘folk illness’.
How is schizophrenia affected by culture?
Schizophrenia is a culture-bound illness, which means that a difference in culture can influence how it manifests. Western societies tend to view schizophrenia symptoms as a medical issue, while Eastern societies treat it as a spiritual or supernatural phenomenon.
How is culture-bound syndrome treated?
Suggested approaches, include psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral interventions, relaxation techniques, and social skills development (Min, 2004). A community-based, culturally tailored nursing intervention is particularly effective in treating Hwa-Byung.
Are psychological disorders universal or culture specific?
The basic premise of the universalist view is that psychiatric disorders and syndromes are universal and have core symptoms that cluster into universal syndromal patterns.
What is a culture bound theory?
culture-bound. Theories about the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one’s own culture.
What is Koro in psychology?
Koro syndrome is a psychiatric disorder characterised, in its typical form, by acute and intense anxiety, with complaints in men of a shrinking penis or fear of its retraction into the abdomen and resultant death. Initially, this syndrome was described as a culture specific disorder.
What are universal disorders?
Universal disorder refers to the incidence of a particular set of symptoms as occurring across various cultures and circumstances and includes mental illnesses. Universal disorders focus on the genetic and biological factors contributing to the condition, in addition to cultural and contextual factors.
How does culture affect PTSD?
Studies have indicated that cultural variability plays a role in the consolidation and retrieval of trauma memories in PTSD (Jobson, 2009). For example, Jobson and Dalgleish (2014) found that the more the trauma memory reflected culturally appropriate remembering, the fewer the number of intrusions.
Which is an example of a cultural concept of distress?
DSM-5 Cultural Concepts of Distress. Commonly reported symptoms include uncontrollable shouting, attacks of crying, trembling, heat in the chest rising into the head, and verbal or physical aggression.