Which of the following sets of tests would be the most useful in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction?

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Clinical Significance Cardiac troponins are specific and sensitive biomarkers of cardiac ischemia, and they are the preferred blood test in the evaluation of patients suspected to have acute MI.

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What does an increase in the serum enzyme levels indicate?

Large increases in the serum concentrations of the enzymes creatine kinase, serum glutamic aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase can indicate damage to muscle fibers.

Which enzyme is measured by methodologies that use small oligosaccharides and 4 nitrophenyl glycoside for substrates quizlet?

The function of amylase to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to dextrins, maltose, and glucose has been used as the basis for several methods over the years. The more commonly used methods today employ small oligosaccharides and 4-nitrophenyl-glycoside as substrates.

Which of the following conditions is associated with a high level of S type amylase?

High amylase levels are typically a sign of acute or chronic pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis can cause amylase levels to become four to six times higher than the upper limit of the normal range.

Which of the following cardiac markers is the first to increase after an acute myocardial infarction?

Myoglobin rises in the first 30 minutes in the early period after the onset of an acute event, due to its rapid kinetics, and thus is an important biomarker for early detection and/or exclusion of cardiac damage. It is elevated in all AMI patients within 6–10 hours and peaks at the 12th hour.

Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?

The most common symptoms of a heart attack include : pressure or tightness in the chest. pain in the chest, back, jaw, and other areas of the upper body that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back. shortness of breath.

What does it mean when liver enzymes are high?

Definition. Elevated liver enzymes often indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver. Inflamed or injured liver cells leak higher than normal amounts of certain chemicals, including liver enzymes, into the bloodstream, elevating liver enzymes on blood tests.

What are the symptoms of elevated liver enzymes?

  • Abdominal (stomach) pain.
  • Dark urine (pee).
  • Fatigue (feeling tired).
  • Itching.
  • Jaundice (yellowing of your skin or eyes).
  • Light-colored stools (poop).
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Nausea and vomiting.

What can cause elevated liver enzymes?

  • Over-the-counter pain medications, particularly acetaminophen (Tylenol, others)
  • Certain prescription medications, including statin drugs used to control cholesterol.
  • Drinking alcohol.
  • Heart failure.
  • Hepatitis A.
  • Hepatitis B.
  • Hepatitis C.
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Which of the following conditions causes a markedly increased activity of serum AST and ALT quizlet?

The greatest activities of serum AST and ALT are seen in which of the following? In acute hepatocellular disorders, the serum levels of AST and ALT can be 100x the ULN. Slight increases of the enzyme activities are seen in chronic hepatitis, hemangioma, and obstructive jaundice.

Which of the following fractions of bilirubin in high concentrations is associated with kernicterus in newborns?

Kernicterus usually is noted when the bilirubin level is excessively high for gestational age. It usually does not develop in term infants when bilirubin levels are less than 20-25 mg/dL, but the incidence increases as serum bilirubin levels exceed 25 mg/dL.

Which enzyme is most likely to be elevated in the plasma of a person suffering from a muscle wasting disorder?

Creatine kinase — Creatine kinase (CK) is the most widely used enzyme to diagnose and follow muscle disease. It is present in the highest concentrations in serum in response to muscle injury, is the most sensitive indicator of muscle injury, and is the best measure of the course of muscle injury [1].

Which condition produces the highest elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase quizlet?

Which condition produces the highest elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase? Serum LD levels are highest in pernicious anemia, reaching 10-50 times the upper reference limit (URL) as a result of intramedullary hemolysis.

What happens when serum amylase and lipase are elevated?

When levels of lipase and amylase are higher than normal, it may indicate pancreatic injury or another disease. Most studies show that levels greater than three times the upper limit of normal usually lead to a diagnosis of pancreatitis, according to guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG).

What is the marker of choice for detecting a myocardial infarction quizlet?

What is the marker of choice for detecting a myocardial infarction? Elevated serum levels of cardiac troponin.

Which one of the following is the preferred marker for the definitive diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction AMI )?

Cardiac troponins T and I are the preferred markers for myocardial injury as they have the highest sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

What are the 3 cardiac markers?

Cardiac enzymes ― also known as cardiac biomarkers ― include myoglobin, troponin and creatine kinase.

What are 4 signs of myocardial infarction?

  • Chest pain or discomfort.
  • Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.
  • Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
  • Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders.
  • Shortness of breath.

What are 3 symptoms of a myocardial infarction?

The symptoms of MI include chest pain, which travels from left arm to neck, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, vomiting, abnormal heart beating, anxiety, fatigue, weakness, stress, depression, and other factors.

What are 3 common complications of a myocardial infarction?

The most commonly encountered mechanical complications are acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle rupture, ventricular septal defect, pseudoaneurysm, and free wall rupture; each complication is associated with a significant risk of morbidity, mortality, and hospital resource utilization.

What does high ALT AST and alkaline phosphatase levels?

Like ALT, AST is normally present in blood at low levels. An increase in AST levels may indicate liver damage, disease or muscle damage. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP is an enzyme found in the liver and bone and is important for breaking down proteins.

What blood tests show liver function?

  • Serum alkaline phosphatase test. This test is used to measure the level of alkaline phosphatase (an enzyme) in the blood.
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT) test.
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST) test.
  • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase test.
  • Lactic dehydrogenase test.

What does high ALT and AST mean?

ALT stands for alanine transaminase, which is another type of liver enzyme. If you have high levels of AST and/or ALT, it may mean that you have some type of liver damage. You may also have an AST test as part of a group of liver function tests that measure ALT, and other enzymes, proteins, and substances in the liver.

Can dehydration cause elevated liver enzymes?

In conclusion, hepatic enzymes can be temporary elevated in patients with uncomplicated acute AGE with severe dehydration.

What is fatty liver grade 2?

Fatty liver is graded as grade I, II or III depending on subjective assessment of fat accumulation in the liver. If you have fat but no inflammation or tissue damage, the diagnosis is NAFLD. If fat leads to inflammation and liver damage, the diagnosis is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

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